Guide to American Water Spaniel Dogs: History, Breed Traits, Characteristics, and Care

1. Introduction

Because American Water Spaniel (AWS) dogs — often referred to as American Brown Spaniels — represent one of only a few breed classifications from the United States of America, and they are rare. Studying the history and traits, and caring for them according to breed characteristics, is prudent for anyone entertaining the notion of acquiring an AWS dog. Our comprehensive guide, inclusive of a short history of the breed, is divided into several sections exploring characteristics and employment, colors, traits, dogs and families, and useful tips on caring for an American Water Spaniel. In the History section, we will touch on theories and bring you into more recent times. We hope to present you with a comprehensive exploration of the American Water Spaniel breed, albeit somewhat broad. However, every section will delve into the topic. If, after reading a portion that interests you, you would like more detail, we have also provided many color photos to accompany our narrative. American Water Spaniels have been waitlisted at the Westminster Dog Show and were received in England in 1979. Because AWS dogs are rarely seen outside of Wisconsin or Illinois, we add information for those who seek American Water Spaniels. The US American Water Spaniel Club offers a breeder referral listing by state only. The breeders do not pay for their advertisements.

1.1. Purpose and Scope of the Guide

Welcome to this comprehensive guide to the American Water Spaniel dog breed. This text is designed to be an accurate and reliable aid for anyone wishing to learn more about the breed, as well as those who already own an AWS. We are aware that insights and a wealth of information from experienced owners or those close to the breed are valuable. Therefore, this guide has been written by AWS enthusiasts and experts for the benefit of all who want to learn more about this fascinating breed. Within this guide, readers will find practical information directly from the field on the true nature of the breed. AWS breeders, veterinarians, groomers, or trainers have created this guide to give their opinion on a wide range of facts and points to consider when raising an American Water Spaniel. This is a practical, hands-on manual rather than a mere educational book. This guide aims to cover a broad range of topics from the historical events shaping the AWS to the most essential grooming standards for the breed. Our layout, based entirely on the AWS breed and its breed standard, is sure to provide all the information needed in a well-rounded structure.

2. Chapter 1: History of the American Water Spaniel

As with people, the historical development of a dog breed is an interesting and, in most cases, a complicated matter. To understand the development of the American Water Spaniel into the breed it is today, we must look back at history. Dogs of the spaniel family are of ancient lineage. There is evidence that the early spaniels originated in Spain, and for many centuries, the spaniel was considered of Spanish origin. Little is known of their actual beginnings or of their development. For centuries, the Spaniards were noted for their well-trained hunting dogs. There are many history books that mention the spaniels.

The history of America is filled with the stories of those who, in their day, were pioneers or trailblazers in their chosen activity or vocation. Many of these people have left their marks on the present as well as the future. Dog breeding is no exception. During the 19th and 20th centuries, many men and women were breeding dogs for the purpose of better breeds. Milwaukee, Wisconsin, is credited as being the home of the American Water Spaniel breed. During the early days of sports dog breeds in the United States, the breed was very popular and prevalent in Wisconsin, as well as through the Midwest and in some of the Eastern states. The breed came out of necessity for a dog that could survive and perform under freezing temperatures and do duty as a hunting dog. The early sports hunters, as they were called, were, in fact, meat hunters. They needed to harvest game for food and for market. Prompted by this necessity, a breed of hunting dog developed in the area along the western shores of Lake Michigan, of which Milwaukee is the hub. The breed became known as the American Water Spaniel. The dogs were raised in the backyards of the early settlers and were, in fact, a necessary farm dog and a dog used daily by the sports hunters and fur trappers of the area. They were used for the same purposes the early retrievers and spaniels were used for; that is, they were a hunting and retrieving dog. The spaniel part of the breed held all the good nose, the sureness of movement in the heavy reeds and cattails, and were good in the water work. The retrievers contributed the soft, dense coat, good intelligence, and stamina.

2.1. Origins and Development

For many years, the origins of the American Water Spaniel were lost to history. Most likely coming to this continent on the boats of early settlers, the dog we see today is the result of Spanish, English, and Irish spaniel blood. Settlers who had spaniels in their company began to explore the land and hunt as a means of sustenance. In the New World, these spaniels proved extremely valuable and versatile in both water and woods of the continent; due to selective limited breeding practices, a truly utilitarian spaniel for these new settlers was created. At the turn of the 19th century into the 20th, we begin to see the establishment of the breed in earnest, driven by sportsmen for sportsmen, established by hunters.

With the increasing number of settlers to this land, the genetics were merged from as many as four different types of spaniel. It was through this intermutation of gene types, driven by regional and localized requirements for the ideal hunting dog, that this sport spaniel was created. The spaniels of the Colonies and those brought from Great Britain were working the specific fowl of the region, and as these birds migrated and interbred, it necessitated a bit of this and a bit of that in the creation of this unique breed. With the regional needs in mind, the sporting wildlife, wetland ground, and the accompanying vegetation like the marsh grass, the spaniel that was needed had to think as well as be willing to listen and to be able to talk back. These dogs had to be able to mark and then send up the fowl shot by the hunters. They also had to be able to retrieve the fowl, at times, from under the overturned canoe when hunting the spring rattle epaulets in the blue joint of the marshes of the north; they had to be hardy and resilient in North America's harsh climates.

3. Chapter 2: Breed Traits and Characteristics

Physical Characteristics

The American Water Spaniel should be a somewhat rectangular dog in terms of appearance. Their appearance is also described as "moderate" in relation to other dog breeds, and while they are of medium stature, they should be slightly more than they are tall. They have a wavy or curly double coat that can protect them from water and cold temperatures when they are in the field. Solid liver and brown are the most popular coat colors, but the dogs themselves are often referred to as unique brown roan, liver tweed, or "lemon" (which refers to a very light brown shade).

Temperament and Behavior

In terms of temperament and behavior, the American Water Spaniel is described as an intelligent dog that is willing to work and wants to please their owner. The breed is known to be friendly to strangers and other animals, but it is important that the dogs receive socialization training from a young age. If not adequately socialized, the American Water Spaniel can be wary of new people in particular. However, their loyalty to their families and owner are traits that make them excellent "watchdogs." It is worth noting, too, that like many other breeds, the American Water Spaniel, as part of their genealogical makeup, likes to be active and could potentially wander once they reach an area that they are unfamiliar with. Therefore, it is important to join a local breed club to engage in sanctioned events where you could receive information on safe containment methods while at the club.

3.1. Physical Appearance

Being of the spaniel type (soft-tempered, small-bodied hunting dog), it is apparent that the breed's height and weight place it at a "medium" status - large enough for lots of action, yet small enough to comfortably negotiate through thick brush. The conformation traits provide for agility, a dense, supple coat which equates to buoyancy in water and ease in cleaning, while ruddiness, or multiple colors, provides a necessary advantage to be a water hunter. In fact, the dog not only swims well but also hovers when near the shore. Coat: Two varieties (coat texture: rough and wavy) are genetic. Both are double-coated, of course, repellant, and have a similar protective inner coat of wool, but the "rough" has a tougher way of protection to cope with being the original heavier-prevalent choice. The coat "must let the water run off like a duck's coat when the dog emerges shaking his body." Colors may vary within the following: liver, chocolate, brown, and any combination. Coat characteristics are far more important than color, particularly in valuing a purebred. The ears are medium-set, tight to the head, on a long-faced dog. The eyes are dark, with the brown-coated dogs having full, mouse-brown eyes with some loose lids, and a "browner" eye color, while lighter-coated dogs have a honey tone of hazel eyes. The eyes have a half-moon shape to them, and dark pale lids are important to go along with the dark eye, as is the perpetual alert, inquisitive, and ever-happy look. The tail is bent at the rear, with the tip at 12:00, squared, and has about 3 inches of coat, forming a "lion-like tuft" to keep it dressed to midnight. This is the third most important aspect, behind several other factors, in identifying a good retriever. Only show dogs may have a straight tail, as it serves as a location for the esteemed judges to hang the breed ribbons in easy view of the spectators.

3.2. Temperament and Behavior

The American Water Spaniel makes an affectionate and playful pet. The breed can be quite clownish in nature, adding a sense of joy to the lives of their human counterparts. Many American Water Spaniels are known to be very loyal to a singular family member, while still striving to be a social dog. Regardless, most American Water Spaniels grow into being close companions with all members of their family. Unlike other larger Spaniels, the ideal behavior of an American Water Spaniel would lead them to appear laughably eager to please and entertain. Expect the American Water Spaniel to follow wherever their people may go, deriving genuine joy from companionship. Though playful and clownish during activity, American Water Spaniels are also just as happy living life on the lazier side. Most would be content laying on a lap for hours on end, making for a loving and loyal companion. American Water Spaniels are intelligent dogs that learn quickly. The intelligence of the breed tends to manifest itself in nuisance behaviors when left unoccupied. Some enjoy ferreting out different items simply for play, while others may enjoy excavating a few scattered holes in the floor beneath them. Most of the time, destructive behaviors stemming from intelligence are simply the product of under-usage, in which the American Water Spaniel has simply not been given enough time and exercise by their owner. Of average energy, the American Water Spaniel will look to play a little indoors and engage with their owner. The breed is amenable to a sedentary lifestyle, as long as they receive the same attention from people. Social interaction on human terms is perhaps the best attribute of the breed, and the most important to remember for any potential owners. As a result, the breed is very versatile and typically does quite well in different walks of life. Whether one wishes to find a family pet, a working or hunting dog, or a dog to perform in pet and field trials, the American Water Spaniel could come up to the challenge equally. Normal socialization is always recommended, and teaching from puppyhood is easier when it comes to children.

4. Chapter 3: Care and Maintenance

American Water Spaniel dogs

Chapter 3 - Care and Maintenance

Properly caring for a dog means more than putting food and water in front of it and allowing it to become an integral part of the family unit. Whether for shows, performance competition, or just to play with, the American Water Spaniel dog will become a happier and more successful creature if its owner is informed about the various aspects of how to care for and maintain a dog. In this chapter, feeding, exercise, grooming, training, and health care will be discussed.

The American Water Spaniel dog has needs for good nutrition. The American Water Spaniel dog should be fed a balanced diet that meets all of its nutritional needs. Amounts of food will vary depending on the size, sex, age, build, activity level, and metabolism of the dog. The dog is a healthy and active breed and, as such, burns a lot of calories during the day. It is due to this need that feeding an active dog bits and pieces of human food is not recommended. It is even more important for a senior A.W.S. to maintain a healthy and consistent diet in order to prevent common ailments. Because the dog can tend to become lazy or overweight, great care should be taken in the amount of supplements, vitamins, or human food that is given to him or her. Dogs should not be overfed, and American Water Spaniel dogs should never be permitted to become overweight. Amounts of food and frequency of feeding will vary depending on the size, age, and activity level of the dog. A dog's individual needs should be determined, and feeding should be done according to the dog's individual needs. A good supplement of fresh water should be offered at all times of the day. The healthier and more active a dog is, the more water it will require each day to maintain proper hydration.

4.1. Nutritional Needs

The American Water Spaniel should do well on a high-quality dog food, whether commercially manufactured or home-prepared with your veterinarian's supervision and approval. Any diet should be appropriate to the dog’s age (puppy, adult, or senior). Treats can be an important aid in training, but giving too many can cause obesity. Clean, fresh water should be available at all times.

The American Water Spaniel should have the proper ratio of calcium to phosphorus, and the phosphorus should not exceed 1%. Calcium is essential for healthy growth and development in a puppy; a proportion of 1.2:1 is recommended in the adult. It should contain fat and protein for overall skin and coat health. High-quality ingredients that are reputable in terms of nutrient profile support preventative health care in our pets. Toxic ingredients that are low quality can result in a variety of health problems and can be quite serious for the pet. Supporting optimal nutrition, American Water Spaniels can still safely consume a balanced diet of fresh, home-cooked meals in conjunction with specialized vitamin and mineral supplementation. Nutritional signs of deficiencies for the American Water Spaniel are skin problems, digestive issues, and a decrease in lifespan. Hydrating your pet is essential to long life. Always grooming, exercising, and feeding your American Water Spaniel at the same times every day will give him a long life with less increasing stress. Nutritional needs will be able to change from puppy to adult. Puppies are easy to care for but need nutrition for bone growth and immunity from maternal antibodies. Most American Spaniels under 13 months old need 3-4 meals a day until they are almost ten years old. Providing a balanced diet to maintain a dog's health is ideal for them. Your feeding should include a proper ratio of protein, fat, and fiber to maintain proper nutrition. The protein must be at least 25% while the fat intake should be 8% for your puppy. Long carbohydrates make up 7% to 15% of your dog's diet.

4.2. Exercise and Training

These dogs are highly energetic and require regular exercise to keep them fit, healthy, and stimulated both physically and mentally. American Water Spaniels require regular exercise to avoid becoming destructive to fulfill their physical needs and protect themselves from numerous health issues that occur when under-exercised. In an urban apartment or suburban neighborhood, playtime can provide a lot of the exercise an AWS needs. Inside the home, a challenging game or activities can provide all the mental stimulation a vigorous pup needs, such as hide and seek, concealing toys or treats in various areas, or training sessions that allow the dog to use his or her intelligence to learn desired behaviors.

Structured obedience training based on short intervals with ample rewards is necessary to excite the breed’s mind, strengthen the human-animal relationship, and cultivate a breed that can be trained to do just about anything. Choices in which the dog thinks for itself during the training process and is rewarded with desired behaviors. Toys used interactively with the dog, such as chuckits, frisbees, and floating bumpers for fetch exercises, as well as whatever toys appeal to the dog that day, such as ropes, tug toys, or balls. Consistent, positive interaction between puppies and gentle, older dogs is essential. Obedience training and activities are required on a daily basis for consistent social interaction. Regular exercise encourages social skills with other dogs and play among dogs. A well-socialized sociability program and a strong, confident personality are important in most situations.

4.3. Grooming and Health Care

Grooming care is an essential part of caring for an American Water Spaniel. Their coats are water-resistant and maintain natural insulation, so they are not clipped or groomed in standard dog fancier styles. The fur should be brushed at a minimum of once a week to remove all debris that gets trapped in their curly fur. The breed's unclipped feet have webbing between their toes. This webbing should be checked after a day out hunting or playing in water to also remove the debris caught between the small separate toes. Toenails should be trimmed regularly to keep them at an appropriate length. In-water dogs generally wear toenails naturally if they are exposed to a variety of surfaces regularly. Keeping the ears clean and healthy is also vital for this breed to avoid ear infections from trapped water and outdoor dirt.

An annual wellness exam with core vaccinations is a common step in your dog's general health care. Preventive flea and tick topical solutions are suggested for the American Water Spaniel year-round, but primarily seasonally for the environment in which you live. Clean water and regular grooming will maintain your dog's overall health and appearance. The American Water Spaniel is a generally healthy breed, but breed-specific common chronic diseases include cataracts, progressive retinal atrophy, hip dysplasia, and autoimmune disease. Good annual care, as well as a record of a puppy veterinarian visit, should be kept to avoid preventable issues. A shiny coat, clear bright eyes, and a wet nose indicate health and proper care of your dog. Dental care is very important and should be incorporated into a puppy's daily routine, as well as your adult dog's weekly care, from wood chews to regular brushing for good gum and tooth health. Management of minor issues will help to avoid more serious concerns in your dog's older years. Joints and eyes are the key areas to watch for early signs of chronic diseases related to the American Water Spaniel breed.

5. Conclusion

In conclusion, to adequately care for and understand our best friends, we must first understand our dogs. As dogs and their specific physical and psychological needs are highly varied, a knowledge or penchant for learning and problem solving is required for a successful relationship between dog and owner. This guide provides an introduction to the breed and is intended to acquaint the reader not only with the breed’s history but also some of the characteristics, traits, and care required for a different type of Spaniel. Every responsible pet owner diligently needs to research the needs of the breed. This, as a starting point, provides excellent insight into the care, training, and companionship that can be expected before bringing an American Water Spaniel into one’s home. In this comprehensive guide, we have outlined the history and origin of the American Water Spaniel breed, including insight into their evolution from waterfowl dogs. We have discussed the physical and emotional characteristics that define an “ideal” American Water Spaniel both in appearance and in temperament. We have tackled the topic of training and care, including grooming and health, which promotes the best companion animal experience. These sections have aimed to demonstrate the devotion and loyalty that this breed of dog can show towards their owner and how this animal should be given the respect and dignity it deserves. We hope that you have found insightful information in this comprehensive guide. It has been prepared as an introduction for new pet owners. Should you wish to learn more, and we suggest this for any pet owner, there are many official releases available on the specific care and ownership of an American Water Spaniel.

5.1. Key Takeaways

The American Water Spaniel has something to offer everyone. Even though their precise origin of ancestry is a mystery, the breed’s history is proud. American Water Spaniels are alert and versatile. They will thrive in working situations and will make a great family pet. They will form an almost inseparable bond with their family that will last a lifetime. This guide offers you information and support to help you understand, own, and effectively care for an American Water Spaniel. This comprehensive guide will provide you with all the necessary information to understand the unique traits of the American Water Spaniel. Nevertheless, the learning experience is never complete. These furry friends will always learn, grow, and change, as do we. We hope that finding and reading this guide has helped you to learn a little more about the fascinating and unique breed of the American Water Spaniel. Key Takeaways • American Water Spaniels can be traced back for 150 years in the United States. Their breeding purpose was to develop a dog specifically suited to the harsh conditions and varied terrains of the Midwest. Today, the breed is known for its affectionate temperament and eagerness to please. These dogs thrive when allowed to spend time with their human families and can be trained for several abbreviated tasks. They are most at home when engaged in a range of dog activities. • The versatile abilities and adaptability of the breed make them suitable both inside and outside. The only successful pup will be the owner who keeps their diet, exercise, and grooming schedule per the advice of their vet.